New Zealand has overtaken Australia as the country with the highest per capita melanoma rates globally, according to researchers from QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute. A study published in The Journal of Investigative Dermatology examined melanoma trends across six populations—Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Norway, Sweden, and the Caucasian population of the United States—over a 30-year period from 1982 to 2011.
Key Findings
The research revealed that Australian melanoma rates increased from approximately 30 cases per 100,000 people in 1982, peaking at nearly 49 cases per 100,000 in 2005, before declining to about 48 cases per 100,000 in 2011. New Zealand's rates reached approximately 50 cases per 100,000 people by 2011.
Australia stands alone among the six populations studied as the only one experiencing declining melanoma rates. Professor David Whiteman, who led the study, attributed this decline to "a huge effort into primary prevention campaigns since the 1980s."
Success Factors in Australia
Australia's success stems from comprehensive public health initiatives. Schools, workplaces, and childcare centres implemented measures to reduce harmful UV exposure. Australians developed greater "sun smart" awareness of melanoma dangers.
However, melanoma rates continue rising among those over 50, as many sustained sun damage before prevention campaigns began, with cancers appearing decades later.
Demographic Considerations
Despite declining per capita rates, Australia's total melanoma cases continue rising due to population aging and growth. Cases are projected to increase from 11,162 annually (2007-11) to 12,283 annually (2012-16).
Future Projections
By 2031, Australia's rates are predicted to decline to approximately 41 cases per 100,000, while New Zealand's are expected to decline from around 2017 onward to roughly 46 cases per 100,000. Other studied nations anticipate continued increases through 2022.
Mortality from melanoma continues rising across all six populations, with highest numbers in Australia and New Zealand.